![]() ![]() In hunting practice with hunting rifle bullets, animals are killed by a deliberate entry of bullets. ![]() European or worldwide approved test or analysis procedures ensure the reproducibility and scientific acceptance of the test results. Standardized analytical methods usually allow the detection of the substances or their residues in or on the food. One of the main objectives of these procedures is to ensure the safety of the substances for the user, the consumer, and the animal by means of prescribed, standardized test procedures and to verify the efficacy of the use or discharge. In order to enable the application or use of substances, a large number of these substances undergo authorization procedures. Some examples are the use of plant protection products, veterinary drugs, or food or feed additives. The intentional, deliberate use or entry of substances into feed or food along the food chain takes place with different purposes. Essential parameters required for a test procedure have been compiled in a product profile for hunting rifle bullets used to kill food-producing game species. Their effectiveness potential in game meat can thus be adequately assessed, both by the hunter and with a view to the scientific issues related to consumer health protection strategies for minimizing bullet fragments in game meat. Therefore, it is possible to describe hunting rifle bullets based on qualitative and quantitative parameters as well as concerning their physicochemical properties. In principle, the following applies: The effectiveness potential of a bullet can be simulated and thus evaluated in test simulants/test media. A distinction must be made between the effect of a bullet on biological tissue, the (optimal) effect of the bullet when shot in a manner appropriate for hunting, the impact on the hunted game when hit in a suitable location and the effect of the bullet, described as physical effectiveness potential. Other basic terms and definitions were formulated and/or interpreted. The term “killing effect” newly introduced into the discussion in the context of the efforts to amend the Federal Hunting Act was not supported by the experts, since “killing“ cannot be simulated and standardized. With the participation of international experts, a concept was developed that could be used to test hunting rifle bullets regarding their effectiveness potential and entry of bullet fragments into game or game meat. Until now, neither standardized terms nor definitions nor standardized procedures for quantifying the effects of the introduction of corpuscular bullet fragments were available for a health assessment. In the context of the discussion on an amendment of the Federal Hunting Act, the Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) in Germany has dealt with scientific principles that enable an assessment of the introduction of bullet fragments into game meat. ![]()
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